International Labour Organization – CS Professional Study Material

Chapter 2 International Labour Organization – CS Professional Labour Laws and Practice Notes is designed strictly as per the latest syllabus and exam pattern.

International Labour Organization – CS Professional Labour Laws and Practice Study Material

Question 1.
“The Primary Objective of International Labour Organization (ILO) is to deal with issues related to Labour, namely, maintaining International Labour Standards, ensuring social protection and providing work opportunities to all”.
Based on the above statement, explain the important tasks of the “International Parliament of Labour”. ( Aug 2021, 3 marks)
Answer:
The International Labour Conference often called as International
Parliament of Labour performs the following important tasks:

  • The crafting and adoption of international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations.
  • The Conference supervises the application of Conventions and Recommendations at the national level.
  • The Conference also examines the Global Report prepared by the office as a procedural act required by the declaration.
  • The Conference acts as a stage for the discussion of questions relating to social and labour issues. The central theme of discussion each year is the report presented by ILO’s director general.
  • It passes resolutions for setting up guidelines for ILO’s future deliberations and activities.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 2.
What is the role of ILO?
Answer:

  • ILO, short for Indian Labour Organisation, was constituted on the year 1919, with a total of 187 members as on date.
  • It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, with a network of offices in more than 40 countries.
  • It is a nodal agency coming under the ambit of the United Nations.
  • It functions with a unique tripartite structure, that brings together governments’, employers’ and workers’ representatives.
  • The main objective of ILO is to:
    • promote social justice
    • set labour standards
    • develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.
    • promote rights at work
    • internationally recognize human and labour rights
    • encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues.
  • India and ILO have a strong relationship the major thrust areas presented to ILO by India being:
    • economic growth and creation of employment opportunities
    • increasing productivity to increase shareable gains
    • workers’ participation; human resource development
    • human and environmental dimensions of technology
    •  poverty alleviation
    • economic reform

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 3.
What is meant by Decent Work?
Answer:

  • Decent work stands for the wishes and hopes of the working populace.
  • It refers to the opportunities to work which is:
    • productive and is fairly remunerative
    • provides security
    • gives respectable working environment
    • enables growth
    • provides decision making power to the working populace
  • ILO strives towards providing such a decent work and productive employment to the workforce across the globe.
  • Objective of creating Decent Work:
    • Poverty reduction
    • Providing decent employment and income
    • Ensuring just environment globally
  • Modes of achieving Decent work:
    • methods for job creation
    • providing rights at work
    • enabling social security/ protection
    • ensuring communication /healthy discussion
    • maintaining gender equality

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 4.
List the main bodies of ILO.
Answer:
ILO consists of 3 main bodies:

  • General Conference
  • General Conference refers to the representatives of member states.
  • Two government delegates represent each member state.
  • All the delegates have been given equal right of expression.

The meeting of these members of ILO take place once in every year at Geneva and is called International labour conference or International parliament of labour.

  • Governing Body
  • Governing Body of ILO is the main execution body.
  • The tenure of Governing body is 3 years.
  • It meets thrice a year (March, June and November).

International Labour Office

  • International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the ILO as it is the centre of all activities performed by the ILO.
  • It functions under the watchful eye of the governing body and leadership of the Director-General.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 5.
What are the major functions of General Conference of ILO?
Answer:
Following are major activities undertaken by General Conference of ILO:

  • Drafting and adoption of international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations.
  • Supervises the application of Conventions and Recommendations at the national level.
  • Examines the Global Report prepared by the office.
  • The Conference acts as a stage for the discussion of questions relating to social and labour issues.
  • It passes resolutions for setting up guidelines for ILO’s future deliberations and activities.

Question 6.
What are the major functions of Governing Body of ILO?
Answer:
Following are major activities undertaken by Governing Body of ILO:

  • Determining policy of ILO
  • Adoption of draft programmes and budgetary requirements
  • Electing the director- general

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 7.
What are the major functions of International Labour Office body of ILO?
Answer:
Following are major activities undertaken by International Labour Office of
ILO:

  • Collection and distribution of information on all subjects relating to the international adjustment of conditions of industrial life and labour.
  • Prepare the documents on the various items of the agenda for the meetings of the conference.
  • Accord to governments at their request all appropriate assistance within its power in connection with the framing of laws and regulations on the basis of the decisions of the conference and the improvement of administrative practices and systems of inspection.
  • Edit and issue, in such languages as the Governing Body may think desirable, publications dealing with problems of industry and employment of international interest.
  • Any other powers and duties as may be assigned to it by the conference or by the Governing Body.

Question 8.
What is the Prioritised Agenda of ILO under the 2030 Sustainable Development Growth framework?
Answer:
As per the 2030 Sustainable Development Growth framework of ILO, following Prioritized agenda has been determined

  • Establishing strong relations with all the partners involved in development such as the donor community, social partners, civil society etc.
  • Giving a push to the development efforts of the multilateral system.
  • Assembling funds for development cooperation, in addition to the budgetary funding allocated.
  • Developing public- private partnership.
  • Ensuring transparency about the ILO’s programmes.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 9.
What are the various sources of funds of ILO?
Answer:
As per the 2030 Sustainable Development Growth framework of ILO, following Prioritized agenda has been determined

  • Regular budget:
  • These are the funds collected from the contributions made by the member states.
  • The assessment of the funds to be given by the member states are made by the United Nations.

Supplementary Account:

  • These are the funds acquired from volunteers, which are key resource partners.
  • The funding from these sources are not designated, unlike the sources obtained from the regular budget.
  • Extra-Budgetary Technical Cooperation resources
  • These funds are obtained from voluntary sources.
  • These are resource partners including public and private organizations which support special projects.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 10.
Describe the association of ILO and India.
Answer:

  • India is a permanent member of ILO since 1922 and is one of its founding members.
  • The first ILO office in India was established in India in 1928.
  • The ILO office is located at New Delhi in India.
  • A decent work support team is stationed in New Delhi which provides technical support at policy and operational levels to member States in the sub-region through a team of specialists.
  • ILO’s portfolio in India is focused on the following areas:
    • Prohibiting child labour
    • preventing family indebtedness
    • promotion of livelihoods
    • green jobs
    • value- addition into national programmes, micro and small enterprises
    • social security
    • HIV/AIDS
    • Migration
    • Improving industrial relations
    • integrated approaches for local socio-economic development
    • dealing with the effects of globalization, productivity and competitiveness, etc.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

The tripartite members (consisting of representatives of the government, employers, and workers)in India are :-

  • Government of India
    • Ministry of Labour & Employment
    • Ministry of Rural Development
  • Employers’ Organizations
    • Council of Indian Employers (Constituents – All India Organization of Employers ; Employers’ Federation of India ; and Standing Conference of Public Enterprises
    • Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
  • Workers’ Organizations –
    • Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
    • Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
    • All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
    • Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)
    • Centre of India Trade Unions (CITU)
    • All India United Trade Union Centre (AIUTUC) – formerly UTUC (LS)
    • Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
    • All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AiCCTU)
    • Labour Progressive Federation (LPF)
    • United Trade Union Congress (UTUC)
    • National Front of Indian Trade Unions-Dhanbad (NFITU-DHN)

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 11.
What are the main bodies of ILO
Or
Explain the constituents of ILO.
Answer:
ILO consists of 3 main bodies:
General Conference

  • Governing Body
  • International Labour Office

General Conference

  • General Conference refers to the representatives of member states.
  • Two government delegates represent each member state.
  • All the delegates have been given equal right of expression.
  • The meeting of these members of ILO take place once in every year at Geneva and is called International labour conference or International parliament of labour.

Main tasks of General Conference are:

  • Drafting and adoption of international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations.
  • Supervises the application of Conventions and Recommendations at the national level.
  • Examines the Global Report prepared by the office
  • The Conference acts as a stage for the discussion of questions relating to social and labour issues.
  • It passes resolutions for setting up guidelines for ILO’s future deliberations and activities.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Governing Body

  • Governing Body of ILO is the main execution body.
  • The tenure of Governing body is 3 years
  • It meets thrice a year (March, June and November).
  • its main functions include:
    • Determining policy of ILO
    • Adoption of draft programmes and budgetary requirements
    • Elect the director- general
  • The Governing Body shall consist of:
    • Government Representatives (28)
    • Employer Representatives (14)
    • Employee Representatives (14)
  • International Labour Office
    • International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the ILO
      as it is the centre of all activities performed by the ILO.
    • It functions under the watchful eye of the governing body and
      leadership of the Director-General

Main functions include:

  • Collection and distribution of information on all subjects relating to the international adjustment of conditions of industrial life and labour
  • Prepare the documents on the various items of the agenda for the meetings of the conference
  • Accord to governments at their request all appropriate assistance within its power in connection with the framing of laws and regulations on the basis of the decisions of the Conference and the improvement of administrative practices and systems of inspection
  • Edit and issue, in such languages as the Governing Body may think desirable, publications dealing with problems of industry and employment of international interest.
  • Any other powers and duties as may be assigned to it by the Conference or by the Governing Body.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Question 12.
Describe the association of India with respect to the main bodies of ILO.
Answer:
ILO consists of 3 main bodies:

  • General Conference
  • Governing Body
  • International Labour Office

General Conference

  • The International Labour Conference (ILC) meets annually each year at Geneva.
  • The conference adopts the biennial programme and budget, sets out the International labour standards through conventions and recommendations.
  • India has participated proactively in these conferences and has also contributed immensely to its membership.
  • Till now the conference has had 4 Indian presidents in the International Labour Conference
  • Indian delegates have also chaired the committees of important conferences.

Governing Body

  • India has been holding the permanent seat as a country of chief industrial importance since 1922 in this executive wing of the ILO.
  • Indians have also been appointed as the chairmen of the governing body.
  • The Governing Body used to function through its committees, with India being a member of all its 6 committees, these committees were-
    • Programme, Planning & Administrative
    • Freedom of Association
    • Legal Issues and International Labour Standards
    • Employment & Social Policy
    • Technical Cooperation
    • Sectoral and Technical Meetings and Related issues.

International Labour Office

  • Indians have held important positions at the international labour office, which is the focal point of implementation of decision making.
  • India has always used the ILO conventions and recommendations as a means of its guiding principle for the creation of national policies.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

International Labour Organization Notes

ILO

  • ILO, short for Indian Labour Organisation, was constituted in the year 1919, with a total of 187 members as on date.
  • It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, with a network of offices in more than 40 countries.
  • It is a nodal agency coming under the ambit of the United Nations.
  • It functions with a unique tripartite structure, that brings together governments’, employers’ and workers’ representatives.

Objectives of ILO

  • To promote social justice
  • To set labour standards
  • Develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.
  • Promote rights at work
  • Develop internationally recognize human and labour rights
  • Encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

Constituents of ILO

General Conference

  • General Conference refers to the representatives of member states.
  • Two government delegates representing each member state.
  • All the delegates have been given equal right of expression.
  • The meeting of these members of ILO take place once in every year at Geneva and is called International labour conference or International parliament of labour.

Governing Body

  • Governing Body of ILO is the main execution body.
  • The tenure of Governing body is 3 years.
  • It meets thrice a year (March, June and November).
    International Labour Office
  • International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the ILO as it is the centre of all activities performed by the ILO.
  • It functions under the watchful eye of the governing body and leadership of the Director-General.

International Labour Organization - CS Professional Study Material

ILO and India

  • India and ILO have a strong relationship
  • India is a permanent member of ILO since 1922 and is one of its founding members.
  • The first ILO office in India was established in India in 1928.
  • The ILO office is located at New Delhi in India.
  • The major thrust areas presented to ILO by India being:
    • economic growth and creation of employment opportunities
    • increasing productivity to increase shareable gains
    • ‘workers’ participation; human resource development
    • human and environmental dimensions of technology
    • poverty alleviation
    • economic reform with a human face are amongst

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